IMPERATIVE

Definition : Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands,warning or instructions, and (if you use "please") to make a request. It is one of the three moods of an English verb (indicative, imperative and subjunctive).

For example:

•    Give me that tape, please.
     To make the imperative, use the infinitive of the verb without "to"

For example:

•    Come here!
•    Sit down!
To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't" before the verb:

For example:

•    Don't go!
•    Do not walk on the grass.
You can also use "let's" before the verb if you are including yourself in the imperative. The negative of "let's" is "let's not".

For example:

•    Let's stop now.
•    Let's have some lunch.
•    Let's not argue
•    Let's not tell her about it.

Orders
Adults do not usually give each other orders, unless they are in a position of authority. However, adults can give orders to children and to animals. The intonation of an order is important: each word is stressed, and the tone falls at the end of the sentence.

For example:

•    Sit down now!
* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".

Warnings !!!

You can use the imperative to warn someone of danger. All the words in the warning are stressed, but the last word has a higher tone than the first word:

For example:
•    Sit down now!
•     "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".
•    Watch out!
•    Look out!
•    Don't cross!

Advice
When you give advice using the imperative, the words are stressed normally.

For example:
•    Don't tell him you're resigning now! Wait until Monday when he's in a better mood.
•    Don't drink alcohol
•    Don't eat heavy meals

Requests
You can also use the imperative to make a request, but you should use a polite word before the verb:
For example:
•    Please take a seat.
•    Please wait here.
•    Please hold the line.
•    Please don't smoke here.
Notes:
Note that an imperative sentence does not require a subject; the pronoun "you" is implied.
Circle the correct word to make the imperative meaningful socially.
1.    Student (May/May not) talk during the exam
       Answer : May not
2.    You ( Must/Must not ) obey your teacher and parents
       Answer : Must

 SUFFIXES

A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a word that conditions its usage or meaning.
The following are the suffixes to form noun : -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -ian, -ism, -ist, -ment, -ness, -ship, -or, -er, etc.

For example :

Noun
- maintaice
- mechanism
- nation

Person
- maintainer
- mechanic
- nationalist

The following are the suffixes to form verb : -, ify, -ize, etc.

For example :
-maintain
-mechanize
-nationalize

The following are the suffixes to form adjective : -able, -ive, -al, -ful, -ous, etc.
-maintainable
-mechanical
-national
The following are the suffixes to form adverb : -ly
- mechanically
- nationally

Exercises
Correct the wrong word or add these italic words with the correct suffixes so the the sentences become right…!

1. The teach teaches the students patient
a. -er and -ly
b. -er and -ness
c. -ing and –ism

2. Don't work hurried
a. -ness
b. -er
c. -ly

Key answer : 1.a 2.c

Taken from :

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/15351/how_to_enhance_your_vocabulary_with.html?cat=9
 
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/suffixtext.htm

English package book : Win The Day for SMK Grade X

Questions Tags

Questions Tags are a short question added to the end of a positive or negative statement. They are used to verify or check information that we think is true or to check information that we aren’t sure is true. Sometimes we just use them for effect, when we are trying to be sarcastic, or to make a strong point. So be sure to use them with care.

To make sentence of question tag :
If a positive statement is followed by negative question tag
 
For example :
- She is a doctor, isn’t it?
- Arin studies English, doesn’t she?
- They go to school by bus, don’t they?
- You went to Bali last week, didn’t you?
- We will make a surprise for her, won’t we?
If a negative statement is followed by positive question tag.
 
For example :
- You aren't angry, are you?
- Noval didn't make a problem, did he?
- They should make a permit letter, shouldn.t they?
Exercises
Complete the following conversations with a questions tag.


Winda : Yesterday I met Elisa in the bookshop. She would buy a novel,___(a)
Bill : I think so. She likes novel very much,____(b)
Winda : Ya. By the way, you have did your math,____(c)
Bill : Of course. What about you, Winda?
Winda : Not yet.
Bill : ???
Key Answer

a. wouldn't she
b. doesn't she
c. haven't you

COMPARING THINGS

One-syllable adjectives.

Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.

Positive Form (One-syllable adjective)	Comparative Form	Superlative Form
tall old long	taller older longer	tallest oldest longest

Don’t forget after comparative we use than :
- Mary is taller than Max
- Mary is the tallest of all the students
- Max is older than John
- Of the three students, Max is the oldest
- My hair is longer than your hair
- Max’s story is the longest story I’ve ever heard

Two-syllable adjectives.

With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Positive Form (Two-syllable adjective)	Comparative Form	Superlative Form
peaceful	more peaceful	most peaceful
pleasant	more pleasant	most pleasant
careful	more careful	most careful

- This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning
- Max’s house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world
- Max is more careful than Mike
- Of all the taxi drievers, Jack is the most careful If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.

Positive Form (two-syllable adjective)	Comparative Form	Superlative Form
happy angry busy	Happier Angrier Busier	Happiest Angriest busiest

Adjectives with three or more syllables.

For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Positive Form (three or more syllable)	Comparative Form	Superlative Form
generous important intelligent	more generous more important more intelligent	most generous most important most intelligent

 Exception

Irregular adjevtives

Positive Form (Irregular adjective	Comparative Form	Superlative Form
good bad far little many	better worse farther less more	best worst farthest least most

- Italian food is better than American food
- My cat is the best cat in the world.

Read more at :
www.elfnet.com/tutorials/adjcomsup/.php


Exercise

1. The man is______than the girl. (big)
2. The car is______than the motor cycle. (expensive)
3. Anne is_______in her family. (young)

Answer key

1. bigger
2. more expensive
3. the youngest